Description
Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are cell surface molecules found on all nucleated cells. Two main classes of HLA antigens are recognised HLA class I and HLA class II. HLA class I antigens (A, B, and C in humans) render each cell recognisable as “self,” and are responsible for presenting peptides derived from intracellular pathogens such as viruses, whereas HLA class II antigens (DR, DP, and DQ in humans) stimulate the immune system by presenting peptides derived from exogenous sources. Both have been implicated in the rejection of transplanted organs. HLA typing can be performed serologically or genetically using PCR.
Indications
HLA-DR typing becomes important before organ transplantation. Typing is also used to identify markers for specific diseases. Class II HLA is implicated as a contributing factor in a host of diseases ranging from rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes to Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis.
Sample Type, Quantity & Conditions
2 ml EDTA Whole Blood Room Temperature
Special Precautions
Collect in EDTA vacutainer tube. Avoid contamination with DNA of phlebotomist. Avoid haemolysed samples. Do not freeze samples. Send tube unopened.
Normal Range
As per Report