
What are STDs?
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) encompass more than 20 different infections that spread through the exchange of bodily fluids, such as semen and blood, or through direct contact with affected areas on individuals with an STD. Also referred to as venereal diseases, STDs pose the highest risk to young women.
What are the symptoms of STDs?
Many STDs present few or overlapping symptoms, making clinical diagnosis challenging and often unreliable. However, recent advancements in diagnostic testing, especially at the molecular level, have greatly enhanced the accuracy of detection. Consequently, laboratory investigations now play a crucial role in the definitive diagnosis of STDs. However, the following symptoms might present:
- Burning sensation in the urethra or pain when urinating
- Sores, bumps, rashes, warts, or blisters in the genital or anal area
- Itching, pain, redness, or swelling in the genital area
- Abnormal discharge from the vagina or penis
- Pain in the pelvic or abdominal area
- Pain, soreness, or discomfort during intercourse or bleeding after intercourse
- Persistent vaginal yeast infections
- Yellowing of the eyes and skin (jaundice)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Laboratory tests are used to diagnose sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Below are some common types of STDs:
- Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- Hepatitis (Viral Hepatitis)
- Herpes
- HIV/AIDS
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
- Mycoplasma Genitalium (Mgen)
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Syphilis
- Trichomoniasis
- Chancroid
- Scabies
What are the preventive measures for sexually transmitted diseases?
- If you are a sexually active person, have regular checkups for STDs
- Make sure that your spouse is not infected
- Correctly and consistently use a male condom
- Avoid having sexual intercourse during menstruation
- Avoid anal intercourse
What should you do if diagnosed with STDs?
- Be treated to reduce the risk of transmitting an STD to another person.
- If breastfeeding, discuss with a doctor the possible risk of transmission in breast milk and whether commercial formula should be substituted.
- Notify your spouse and urge them to get a checkup.
- Follow the doctor’s orders and complete the full course of medication prescribed.
- Follow-up with a test to ensure that the infection has been cured.
- Avoid all sexual activity while being treated for an STD.