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Mohammad Qar’een

In the early days of MedLabs we were just 20 employees. We worked as pioneers with passion and dedication to our referring physicians, patients and one another. We worked as a team – often spending 12 hours a day at the lab, and supported one another fully. We were a community that shared the same values and aspirations and even when MedLabs went through hard times and asked us to stand by its side, we were content to help it succeed. Our loyalty, commitment and hard work remain to this day and we hope to instill these values in the new generation of medical technologists joining MedLabs

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Understanding the Benefits of Vitamin K2

Vitamin K, or (Koagulationsvitamin), has two main forms: Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and Vitamin K2 (menaquinone). It was first discovered in Germany and named for the coagulation function for which it was discovered. 

 

Lately, Vitamin K2 has been gaining increasing recognition due to its numerous benefits and key roles in maintaining a healthy body. In this article, we will shed light on these benefits, the symptoms of its deficiency, and where Vitamin K2 is found in food.

What is Vitamin K2?

Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) is one of the two primary forms of Vitamin K (Koagulationsvitamin). It is a fat-soluble molecule with 10 subtypes, MK-4 to MK-13 (MK-4 is the most commonly known form, and MK-7 is the most studied in clinical contexts), and significant roles in Calcium regulation, blood clotting, cardiovascular health, and more. Vitamin K2 has a longer half-life than vitamin K1, and it contributes wildly to your health, with some of its functions that are still being discovered and assessed.

Vitamin K2 and Heart Health

K2 has many key functions that regulate our overall health; one of which is its indirect involvement in the cardiovascular system. A group of 2019 studies has concluded that an increased intake of either vitamin K1 or K2 was linked to a moderately reduced risk of coronary heart disease. This is believed to be due to the preventative role of Vit-K in Calcium deposition in blood, which therefore lowers the risk of arterial calcification.  This offers a new possibility to include K2 vitamin in the form of MK-7 subtype as a way to fight off cardiovascular diseases, especially in older patients.

Vitamin K2 and Blood Clotting 

Another one of Vit-K functions, and one that was early understood and discovered, is aiding in the blood clotting mechanism. In fact, as we mentioned earlier, the K refers to the German word Koagulationsvitamin, which translates to coagulation vitamin, because it facilitates the process and activates major proteins needed for the coagulation cascade; therefore, patients with a deficiency often report signs of bleeding and bruising. 

Vitamin K2 and Bone Health

Since its role in calcium metabolism, K2 vitamin is strongly correlated with stronger, healthier bones. By activating the calcium-binding actions of some proteins, the vitamin helps in depositing Calcium in bones and teeth, which maintains their density. 

 

Due to this feature, some studies suggest a synergistic effect of vitamin K combined with vitamin D. Scientists believe that Vitamin D promotes the production of vitamin K-dependent proteins, which require vitamin K for carboxylation in order to function properly, which means that taking both supplements is more beneficial than taking either one alone. 

Vitamin K2 and Brain Health

In addition to all the above, some recent studies suggest the involvement of Vitamin K2 in the form of MK-4 in brain cell survival, chemotaxis, mitogenesis, cell growth, myelination, and synthesis of sphingolipids, an important class of lipids present in high concentrations in brain cell membranes. These sphingolipids are now known to participate in critical cellular events such as signaling, proliferation, differentiation, senescence, transformation, and survival of brain cells. 

 

This means that low Vitamin K2 intake could be potentially linked with diseases like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and other forms of dementia, Multiple sclerosis (MS), and Peripheral neuropathy (PN), but further studies are needed to confirm this outcome.

Symptoms of Vitamin K2 Deficiency

A deficiency in this vitamin could have devastating symptoms due to its importance and wide functions, and this may include:

 

  • Increased Risk of Bone Fractures
  • Osteoporosis
  • Arterial Calcification
  • Bruising and Bleeding
  • Dental Problems
  • Weakness or Fatigue
  • Poor Wound Healing

Food Sources of Vitamin K2

Vitamin K2 is primarily found in animal-based foods and fermented foods. Here are some of the best food sources of Vitamin K2:

 

    • Natto (fermented soybeans): The richest source.
    • Fermented Dairy Products: Mainly in Cheese (especially hard cheeses like Gouda, Edam, and Brie), Yogurt (fermented), and Kefir, which is a fermented dairy product that contains substantial amounts of Vitamin K2, particularly if they are made from raw or unprocessed milk.
    • Egg Yolks
    • Liver and Organ Meats

FAQs:

  • Should vitamin K2 be taken with vitamin D3?

Yes, it is recommended to take vitamin K2 with vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 helps enhance calcium absorption in the intestines, while vitamin K2 helps direct the calcium to the bones and prevents its deposition in soft tissues and arteries. Together, they work synergistically to support bone and cardiovascular health.

  • What is the recommended daily dose of vitamin K2?

The recommended daily dose of vitamin K2 varies based on age and health conditions. Typically, the suggested daily intake ranges from 45 to 120 micrograms for adults. However, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate dose based on individual needs.

  • What is the difference between vitamin K1 and K2?

Vitamin K1, or phylloquinone, is primarily found in green leafy vegetables like spinach and kale and plays a key role in blood clotting.

Vitamin K2, or menaquinone, is found in fermented foods like cheese and meat and is crucial for bone health and cardiovascular support by regulating calcium absorption and distribution in the body.

Blood Pregnancy Test: Types, Accuracy, and When It’s Recommended

While home pregnancy tests that rely on urine are popular for their convenience and quick results, they’re not always the most reliable option, especially in cases that require close monitoring or a higher degree of accuracy. That’s where blood pregnancy tests come in; they’re known for their high sensitivity and the ability to detect the pregnancy hormone (βhCG) at a much earlier stage, making them one of the most accurate methods for confirming pregnancy. 

 

In this article, we’ll cover the different types of blood pregnancy tests, break down the differences between qualitative and quantitative testing, examine their accuracy, and explain when a blood test is more appropriate than a home test—all through a trusted medical lens.

What Is a Blood Pregnancy Test?

It is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample to detect the presence of the hormone βhCG (beta-human chorionic gonadotropin), which is produced after implantation occurs. This test can confirm pregnancy as early as 7 to 12 days after ovulation, and it is known for being more accurate than urine-based tests, particularly in cases that require precise medical confirmation.

Types of Blood Pregnancy Tests

There are two main types of blood pregnancy tests: qualitative and quantitative. Both are used to detect the presence of the pregnancy hormone, but each serves a different clinical purpose.

  • Qualitative βhCG Test

Much like a home pregnancy test, the qualitative blood test is designed to answer a simple question: Is there a pregnancy or not? It detects the presence of β-hCG without measuring the exact amount, providing either “positive” or “negative” results, and is typically used to confirm an early pregnancy. This type is known for its quick results and lower cost, but it isn’t suitable for monitoring pregnancy progression or diagnosing abnormal cases.

 

  • Quantitative βhCG Test

The quantitative blood test measures the exact level of βhCG in the bloodstream, expressed in milli-international units per milliliter (mIU/mL). This test is used in specific medical situations, such as tracking the development of early pregnancy, diagnosing possible ectopic pregnancies, or monitoring the decline of hCG levels following miscarriage or treatment. It can also help estimate gestational age based on hormone levels.

 

When Can a Blood Pregnancy Test Be Done?

A common question among women is: after how many days can a blood test confirm pregnancy? A blood pregnancy test can detect pregnancy approximately 7 to 12 days after ovulation or fertilization. It is the preferred option for individuals who want early confirmation of pregnancy or who are experiencing a delayed period, along with early pregnancy symptoms. In cases involving assisted reproductive techniques (such as IVF), it’s generally recommended to wait 10 to 14 days after embryo transfer to ensure accurate results.

How Accurate Is the Blood Pregnancy Test, and Are There Reasons It Might Not Detect Pregnancy?

The blood pregnancy test is highly accurate, with a sensitivity rate exceeding 99% when performed at the appropriate time. However, certain conditions may lead to a false-negative result, such as taking the test too early, before the level of βhCG has risen enough to be detected, or miscalculating the timing of ovulation. Additionally, certain medications or rare medical conditions can affect the result, although such cases are uncommon. Therefore, if pregnancy is still suspected despite a negative result, it’s recommended to repeat the test after two to three days.

Interpreting Blood Pregnancy Test Results

  • A positive result on a qualitative test indicates that pregnancy is present, while a negative result means no detectable pregnancy.

 

  • In a quantitative test, the result is provided as a numerical value representing the concentration of βhCG in the blood. A steady increase in levels generally points to a healthy pregnancy, while slow or stagnant increases may suggest an abnormal or ectopic pregnancy. Doctors typically interpret the following ranges: Very low levels (<5 mIU/mL) are considered negative, while levels above 25 mIU/mL are considered positive. However, values between 6–24 mIU/mL may require a repeat test within two days for confirmation.

When Is a Blood Test Recommended Over a Urine Test?

A blood pregnancy test is recommended in situations that require fast and accurate confirmation of pregnancy, such as:

 

  • Early detection before the period.

 

  • Unclear symptoms despite a negative urine test.

 

  • Suspected ectopic pregnancy or molar pregnancy.

 

  • Monitoring βhCG levels after miscarriage or fertility treatments.

 

  • Estimating gestational age or monitoring fetal development in early pregnancy.

Are There Any Risks or Preparations for a Blood Pregnancy Test?

The test is completely safe and requires no special preparation. It involves drawing a small sample of venous blood using a needle; therefore, there are no significant risks associated with the procedure, and it is considered a routine analysis easily performed at laboratories and medical centers.

Conclusion

The βhCG blood test is a reliable and highly accurate method for detecting pregnancy and is widely used in clinical practice to confirm early pregnancy or track its progression in specific cases. However, timing and proper testing conditions remain essential to ensure reliable results. In cases of uncertainty or conflicting symptoms, medical follow-up and test repetition are always recommended to safeguard the health of both the mother and the developing fetus.

 

FAQs:

  1. How early can a blood test detect pregnancy

A blood test can detect pregnancy as early as 7 to 12 days after ovulation or conception. This is earlier than most urine tests, which typically become accurate after a missed period. Blood tests are more sensitive because they can detect even very low levels of the pregnancy hormone βhCG in the bloodstream.

   2.How long does it take to get blood test results for pregnancy 

The time it takes to receive results from a pregnancy blood test depends on the laboratory. In many clinics, results are available within a few hours to 24 hours. Some rapid testing facilities may provide same-day results, while others may require one full business day, especially if additional testing is needed.

3. Is a high level of βhCG always normal?

An elevated βhCG level is not always a normal indicator. While its gradual increase is considered an early sign of a healthy pregnancy, certain conditions can cause abnormal elevation, such as molar pregnancy, twin pregnancy, or some rare tumors. Fertility medications may also temporarily affect the hormone level. Therefore, if the level is higher than expected, additional tests are recommended for accurate evaluation.